Eid Milad Un Nabi Manana Kaisa Hai?
بسم الله والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله
Eid Milad un Nabi ﷺ ka wujood Nabi e Kareem ﷺ, Khulfa e Rashideen (RA), Sahaba e Kiram (RA), Tabi’een, Tabe Tabi’een, Charon Imamo, aur Salaf e Saliheen ke zamane me kahin nahin milta hai, balke ye bad ki ijad hai.
Jo hazraat Eid Milad manane ke qayal hain wo bhi is bat ko qubool karte hain. Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi Barelwi sahab naql karte hain: “Milad Shareef teenon zamano me kisi ne na kiya, bad me ijad hua.” (Ja-al Haq, 1/236)
Aiye dekhte hain ki iski shuruat Kab, Kahan aur Kaise hui.
Milad Ki Shuruat Kab, Kahan aur Kaise hui?
Maujooda Eid Miladun Nabi ﷺ ki shuruat chauthi (4th) sadi Hijri ke akhir me hui. Sabse pahle Misr me nam nihad Fatimi Shion (357-467 Hijri) ne ye jashn manaya tha. Ye log sal me kul 28 Eidain manate the jinme Nabi ﷺ, Ali (RA), Fatima (RA), Hasan (RA) aur Husain (RA) ke alawa Christmas aur Nauroz jaise Isaayion aur Mushrikon se judi Eiden bhi hoti thi. (Al-Khitat al-Maqrizi, 1/490)
Fatimi Shia dar asl Yahudi the. Unhone rafiziyat ka libas pahan rakha tha. Qazi Baqilani aur Shaikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (rh) unke bare me likhte hain: “ye log rafiziyat ka izhar karte the lekin batin me kufr rakhte the.” (al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah 11/ 284, 342, Kitab al-Radd ‘ala al-Mantiqiyyin pg 132)
Hafiz Ibn Kathir (rh) unke bare me likhte hain: “Ye kafir, fasiq, fajir, mulhid, zindiq, mu’attil aur munkir-e-Islam the, Majoosi aur Sanawi mazhab ke mu’taqid the. Unhone Islam ke hudood ko paamal kiya, zina ko jayaz, sharab aur khoon-rezi ko halal qarar diya. Ye anbiya kiram (AS) ko galiyan dete, aur salaf saliheen par la’n ta’n karte the, aur unhone rububiyyat ka bhi da’wa kiya tha. Qazi Baqilani (rh) ne unke radd me ‘Kashf al-Asrar Wa Hatk al-Astar’ nami kitab likhi, jisme unke bure aqeede aur amal ka zikr kiya hai.” (al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 11/34)
Yani Mahfil-e-Milad ki shuruat Shio ne ki.
Sunniyon Me Kisne Shuru Kiya?
Sunniyon me sabse pahle Milad ki shuruat Iraq ke Mosul me Umar bin Muhammad al-Mulla nam ke ek shakhs ne chhathi (6th) sadi me ki. Har sal Nabi ﷺ ke maulid ke dino me wo Mosul ke governor aur shayaron ko bulata, jo aakar apni nazmen sunate aur governor unko inam deta. (Sana al-Barq al-Shami, Cairo edition, pgs. 49-52)
Umar al-Mulla koi deeni alim nahin, balki Sufi zahid aur Zawiya (Sufi Khanqah) ka zimmedar tha.
Ghaur talab hai ki chhathi (6th) sadi me Makkah me Nabi ﷺ ke Milad wale din sirf itna hota tha ki Rabiul Awwal ke pahle Peer (Somwar) ko wo ghar jisme mashhoor tha ke Nabi ﷺ paida hue the, aur Nabi ﷺ ki zindagi se wabasta kuch doosre qadeem tareekhi maqamat ko zaireen (visitors) ke liye khol diya jata tha. Zaireen in gharon me dakhil hote aur unse barkaten hasil karne ki koshish karte.
Ye bayan Ibn Jubair (wafat 614 H) ne apne safarname me kiya jab wo 579 Hijri me Makkah gaye. (The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, ed. M. J. De Goeje, pgs. 114-5)
Dhyan rahe ki us mauqe par koi Jalsa, Majlis, Naat, gana waghairah nahin hota tha.
Lekin Ek jalse ke taur par ba-qaaida kisi majlis ka intezam karne ki shuruat 607 Hijri me Iraq ke he Irbil shahar me Muẓẓafaruddin Kokburi (wafat 630H/1232 CE) ne ki. Is jalse ka aanko dekha hal Ibn Khallikan ne apni kitab Wafayat al-Ayan, 5/ 78-79 me kiya hai.
Is milad ke jawaz ka fatwa sabse pahle Malik Muzaffar ke zamane ke ek Maulwi, Abul Khattab Ibne Dahiya ne ek risale “At Tanweer Fee Maulid al Basheer-un-Nazeer” me diya. Jiski taleef par use Malik Muzaffar ne 1000 dinar inam diya tha. (Al Bidaya wan Nihaya: 7/137)
Aur us maulwi Ibne Dahiya ko kibar ulama-e-hadees ne kazzab (jhootha), na qabil-e-etebar, ghair saheeh-un-nasab, betuki aur fuzool bate karne wala qarar diya hai. Jiski tafsilat “Al Bidaya wan Nihaya” (7/137) aur “Lisan-ul-Mizan” (4/296-297) me dekhi ja sakti hain.
Is Jalse Milad un Nabi ﷺ ke ijaad hone wali bat ki ta’eed Dimashq (Damascus) ke ek mashhoor ma’asir moarrikh (contemporary historian) Abu Shamah al-Maqdisi (wafat 665 H) ki tehreer se hoti hai. Wo Apni kitab me likhte hain; “Humare zamane me jo sabse behtareen mamla mutarrif hua hai, wo hai jo Irbil shahar me – Allah uski hifazat farmaye – har sal us din hota hai jab Rasoolullah ﷺ ki wiladat hui thi.” (Kitab al-Ba’ith ala Inkar al-Bida’ wal-Hawadith, Cairo print, 1978, pg. 24)
Milad Isaaiyon (Christians) Ka Tariqa Hai
Encyclopedia Britannica ke mutabiq: “Khusoosan, Isaaiyat ki pahli 2 sadiyon ke dauran shaheedon ya Isa (AS) ki paidaish ko lekar kafi ikhtilaf paida hua….Sab se pahle Sextus Julius Africanus ne 221 CE me December 25 ko Isa (AS) ki yaum e wiladat ke taur par maan liya. Bad ke daur me ise alami taur par qubooliyat hasil ho gayi.” (dekhiye- https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christmas)
Ghairon ki Mushabahat Ki Mazammat
Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya, “Jisne kisi ghair qaum ki mushabahat ikhtiyar ki, wo unhi me se hai.” (Abu Dawood H# 4031)
Humne upar dekh liya hai ki Yaum-e-paidaish ka jashn manana, Isaaiyon ka tariqa hai. Lihaza hume darna chahiye ki kahin humara shumar bhi ummat-e-Muhammadiya ﷺ ki jagah Isaaiyon me na ho.
Hind-o-Pak Me Jashn e Eid Milad ki Ibtida
Hind-o-Pak me Jashn e Eid Milad ki shuruat Muslim hukoomat ke qayam hone ke kafi arse bad hoti hai. BBC radio me is par tabsira karte hue kaha ke: “Barre Saghir me mahafil e Milad ka aghaz Akbar A’zam ke zamane me hua.” (Roznama Jung Lahore, 9 July 1998)
Kya Sirf Aaj Ke Ulama He Isko Bid’at Kahte Hain?
Quroon-e-oola me iska suboot na hone aur Saatwi (7th) sadi me ba-qaaida shuru hone ki wajah se he ahle ilm ne ise bid’at qarar diya hai. Jabse Jash-e-Milad shuru hua hai tab se Ulama kiram ispar tanqeed karte rahe hain. Charon Maslak ke Aimma is bid’at ki mazammat karte rahe hain, jaise:
1) Imam Tajuddeen Fakihani (rh) (wafat 734 H) farmate hain ke: “Eid Milad ki kitab o Sunnat me koi asl nahin hai aur na hi aisa karna Ulama e Ummat se manqool hai, balke ye bid’at hai, jise jhoothon ne ijad kiya hai.” (al-Maurid fi Amal al-Maulid pgs 20,21)
2) Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Muhammad al-‘Abdari (rh) (737 H) jo Ibn al-Haaj ke nam se mashhoor hain; likhte hain: “Logon ki Deen me paida kardah bid’aton me se ek bid’at mahfil e Milad hai.” (al-Madkhal Ibn al-Haaj)
Age chal kar likhte hain ke: “Mahfil e Milad ki niyat se khana taqseem karna bhi bid’at hai.”
3) Imam Ibn al-Khas (rh) (wafat 814 H) ne is bid’at ke mutalliq tafseelan likha hai ke bid’ati is bid’at ki aad me kaun kaun se faayde hasil karte hain, kahte hain: “Rabi ul-Awwal me mehfil e Milad logon ki jari kardah bid’at hai.” (Tambeeh ul-Ghafileen ‘an A’maal il-Jahileen wa Tahzeer us-Saa’iheen min Af’aal il-Halikeen pg 399)
Nabi ﷺ Ki Tareekh Wiladat
Ummat ka ittefaq hai ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ki paidaish ka din Peer/Somwar (Monday) aur mahina Rabiul Awwal hai, magar tareekh me bahot ikhtelaf hai. Ulama ne Rabiul Awwal ki 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17, 22 tareekhon ke alawa Ramazan ke mahine me bhi paidaish ki tareekh mana hai.
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jeelani (rh) to 10 Muharram ko tareekh e wiladat mante the. (Ghunniyatut Talibeen, 2/392)
Shayad Allah ki yahi mansha thi ke paidaish ki tareekh me ikhtelaf rahe, warna Allah chahte to is tareekh ko bhi mahfooz rakh sakte the.
12 Rabiul Awwal Yaum-e-Wiladat Mashhoor Kaise Hui?
Iski 2 wujoohat hain:
(1) Seerat par sabse pahli Kitab Ibn Ishaq (rh) (wafat 150 H) ne likhi thi jo bad ki kitabon ki buniyad bani. Unki apni raay ke mutabiq 12 Rabiul Awwal paidaish ki tareekh hai. Bad ke bahot se ulama ne mukhtalif ara (opinions) par ghaur kiye baghair sirf unka nazariya apna liya.
(2) Jab sabse pahle Nabi ﷺ ka Jashn-e-Milad manane ka rivaj shuru hua to munazzimeen (organisers) ne 12 Rabiul Awwal ko tareekh ke taur par chuna. Jaise-jaise ye rivaj phailta gaya, waise- waise ye tareekh bhi zyada mashhoor hui.
Yahi wajah hai ki Ibn Abdul Barr (rh) ne paanchwi (5th) sadi hijri me, Jashn-e-milad ke tasawwur se pahle likha ki muarrikhon (historian) ke darmiyan sabse aam raay 8 Rabiul Awwal thi. Unke 3 sadiyon bad ane wale Ibn Kathir (rh) ne, jabki us waqt tak Jashne milad phail chuka tha, 12 Rabiul Awwal ko sabse aam raay mana.
Nabi ﷺ Ki Tareekh Wafat
Tareekh Milad ki tarah Nabi ﷺ ki tareekh wafat me bhi ikhtilaf hai. Halanki kai logo ko is bare me ghalat fahmi hai ki 12 tareekh ko wafat par sabka ittefaq hai. Haqeeqat me aisa nahin hai. Ittefaq is bat par hai ki mahina Rabiul Awwal aur din Somwar (Monday) tha. Tareekh wafat me ikhtelaf ka zikr mashhoor Moarrikh (historian) Ibn Jarir Tabari (rh) (wafat 310 H) ne Tareekh Tabari me kiya hai. (Dekhiye Tareekh Tabari, 2/404, Urdu Tarjuma)
Moosa bin Uqbah (rh) aur Lais bin Sa’d (rh) 1 Rabi ul-Awwal, Sulaiman Taimi (rh), Imam Ibn Hazm (rh), Imam Suhaili (rh), Hafiz Iraqi (rh), Hafiz Ibn Hajar Asqalani (rh), Hafiz Suyuti (rh) 2 Rabi ul-Awwal ko tareekh wafat mante hain.
Jamhoor (Aksariyat, Majority), Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Qutaibah, Muhammad bin Sa’d, Sa’eed bin Ghafeer, Imam Ibn Hibban, Ibn Abdul-Barr, Ibn Rushd, Ibn ul-Jauzi, Ibn Sayyid un-Nas, Ibn us-Salah, Imam Nawawi, Abu Tahir Muqaddasi, Hafiz Ibn Kathir, Imam Muzani, Imam Zahabi, Hafiz Ibn Rajab, Abd ul-Qadir Qarshi Hanafi (696-775), Imam Aini Hanafi, Mulla Ali Qari Hanafi aur Qazi Sulaiman Mansoorpuri, un sab par Allah ki rahmat ho, 12 Rabi ul-Awwal ko Aap ﷺ ki tareekh wafat qarar dete hain.
Khud Ahmad Raza Khan Barelwi sahab bhi 12 Rabi ul-Awwal ko he Aap ﷺ ki tareekh wafat mante hain. (Malfoozat, 2/220)
Nabi ﷺ Ki Wafat Par Sahaba Ki Kaifiyat
Sahaba kiram (RA) ka haal Nabi ﷺ ki wafat wale din kya tha? Anas (RA) farmate hain ki jis din Rasoolullah ﷺ ki wafat hui, har cheez par (gham se) andhera chha gaya. (Tirmizi H# 3618, Ibn Maaja H# 1631)
Imam Baihaqi (rh) ne is hadees par baab (chapter) qayam kiya “Rasoolullah ﷺ ki wafat ke sabab musalmano ko shadeed sadma pahunchne ka bayan” (Dalaailun Nubuwwa, 7/265)
Jabki aajkal ke nam nihad Ashiqe Rasool ﷺ us din khushiyan mana rahe hote hain. Aur uske dalaail Quran aur ahadees se dene ki koshish karte hain.
Khulasa
Is tahqeeqi mazmoon se ye sabit hua ki ambiya ka jashn-e-milad manane ki shuruat isaaiyon ne ki. Ummate Muhammadiya me iski shuruat Shio ne ki aur Sunniyon me baqaaida Jalse ka ehtemam Nabi ﷺ ki wafat ke taqreeban 600 salon bad hua.
Yani ye deen me jari ki gayi ek nayi cheez hai yani bid’at hai. Is bid’at ko manane wale apne support me kai dalaail taraashte hain. Un dalaail ka jaayza ek separate post me kiya jayega. In sha Allah.