Kya Aurat Qabristan Ja Sakti Hai?

بسم الله والحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله

Kya aurat qabristan ja sakti hai ya nahin, isme kuch ikhtilaf paya jata hai, lekin rajeh mauqif ke mutabiq aurat ke liye qabron ki ziyarat bilkul jayaz hai. Shuruat me qabristan jane se mana kiya gaya tha lekin bad me mumaniyat mansookh (abrogate) ho gayi aur aurton ko qabristan jane ki ijazat de di gayi. Pahle numani’at wali hadees mulahiza farmayen aur phir iski mansookhiyat ke dalaail.

Manahi Wali Hadees

Sayyidna Abu Huraira (RA) ka bayan hai: “Rasoolullah ﷺ ne bahut zyada qabristan jane wali aurton par lanat farmayi.” (Musnad Ahmad: 2/337, 356, Sunan Tirmizi H# 1056, Sunan Ibn Majah H# 1576, Sahih Ibn Hibban H# 3178)

Ye Manahi Mansookh Hai

Qabron ki ziyarat se mardon aur aurton sab ko mana kiya gaya tha lekin bad me ye Manahi mansookh karke sab ko ijazat dedi gayi. Ye hadees us daur ki hai, jab qabron ki ziyarat mana thi.

Imam Hakim (rh) is, aur is jaise dusri ahadees ke bare me farmate hain: “Ziyarat quboor se mumaniyat ke bare me marwi ye ahadees mansookh hain.” (Mustadrak Hakim H# 1385)

Imam Hakim (rh) ki ye bat bilkul durust hai. Aage aane wale dalaail bhi isi mauqif ki taeed karte hain.

Daleel Number 1

Abdullah bin Abu Mulaika Tabi’ee (rh) bayan karte hain: “Sayyida Aisha (RA) ek din qabristan ki taraf se ayi to maine unse puchha: Ummul Momineen! Aap kahan se aayi hain? Unhone farmaya: Apne bhai Abdullah bin Abu Bakr (RA) ki qabr se. Arz kiya: Kya Rasoolullah ﷺ ne qabron ki ziyarat se mana nahin farmaya tha? Sayyida Aisha (RA) farmane lagi: Mana to farmaya tha lekin bad me qabron ki ziyarat ka hukm farma diya gaya tha.” (Mustadrak Hakim: 1/376, Sunan Kubra Baihaqi: 3/78)

⬤ Hafiz Zahabi (rh) ne is hadees ko ‘sahih’ qarar diya hai. (Talkhees Al Mustadarak 1/379)
⬤ Hafiz Iraqi (rh) ne iski sanad ko ‘jayyid’ kaha hai. (Takhrij Ahadees al-Ihya: 6/2608)
⬤ Hafiz Busairi (rh) likhte hain: “Sanad sahih aur iske rawi Siqah hain.” (Misbah al-Zujajah H# 568)

Sunan Ibn Majah (H# 1570) ke alfaz youn hain: “Phir aap ﷺ ne qabron ki ziyarat karne ki ijazat dedi.”

Daleel Number 2

Sayyidna Buraidah Aslami (RA) ka bayan hai ki Rasoolullah ﷺ ne irshad farmaya: “Main aapko qabron ki ziyarat se mana karta tha lekin ab aap qabristan chale jaya kare.” (Sahih Muslim H# 977)

➤ Yeh hadees aam hai, jisme mard aur aurat dono shamil hain.

Daleel Number 3

Sayyidna Abu Huraira (RA) bayan karte hain ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne irshad farmaya: “Qabron ki ziyarat kiya karen, kyonki ye maut ki yad dilati hain.” (Sahih Muslim H# 976)

➤ Ye hadees bhi aam hai, kyonki maut ki yad mard aur aurat dono ki zaroorat hai.

Daleel Number 4

Sayyidah Aisha (RA) ne Rasool-e-Akram ﷺ se arz kiya: Jab main qabristan jaaun, to kya dua karun? Us par Aap ﷺ ne irshad farmaya: Qabristan ki ziyarat ke waqt ye dua kijiye:

Assalamu Ala Ahladdiyar minal Mu’mineen wal-Muslimeen, wa yarhamullah ul-mustaqdimeena minna wal-musta’khireen, wa inna in sha Allah bikum la-lahiqoon.

السَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ المؤمنينَ والمسلمينَ، وإنَّا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بِكم لَلاحقونَ

“In gharon wale momino aur musalmano par salamati ho. Allah ta’ala Pahle aur bad me aane walon sab par raham farmaye. Hum bhi, Allah ne chaha, to tum se zaroor milne wale hain.” (Sahih Muslim H# 974)

➤ Is hadees se bhi wazeh taur par maloom hota hai ke aurat qabristan ja sakti hai, warna Rasool-e-Akram ﷺ Aisha (RA) ko ye batate ke aurat ka qabristan me jana hi jayaz nahin, toh wo dua kya karti?

Daleel Number 5

Sayyidna Anas bin Malik (RA) ka bayan hai ke Rasool-e-Akram ﷺ ka guzar aisi aurat ke pas hua, jo ek qabr par baithi ro rahi thi. Aap ﷺ ne usse farmaya:
“Moatabar sabr wahi hai, jo musibat aur pareshani ke shuru se kiya jaaye.” (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1283, Sahih Muslim: 926)

➤ Is hadees ko Imam Bukhari (RA) ne ‘Bab Ziyarat al-Quboor’ (Qabron ki ziyarat ka bayan) me bayan karte hue ye bataya hai ki aurat qabristan ja sakti hai.

Yahi wajah hai ki Nabi Akram ﷺ ne is aurat ko Allah se darrne aur sabr karne ka hukm to diya lekin qabristan me aane se mana nahin farmaya. Aurton ko chahiye ki woi apne pyaron ki qabron par jakar unke liye dua kare, maut ko yaad kare aur akhirat ki fikr ko taza kare, wahan be sabri ka muzahira hargiz na kare.

Daleel Number 6

Sayyidah Aisha (RA) ke bhai Abdur Rahman bin Abu Bakr (RA) wafat ho gaye, jab unki mayyat Makkah Mukarramah me layi gayi, to Sayyidah (RA) safar par thi. Jab Makkah pahunchi, to farmaya: Mujhe unki qabr dikhao. Logon ne qabr dikhayi to aapne unke liye dua farmayi. (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah: 3/360)

❖ In dalaail se sabit hota hai ke aurat ka qabristan me jana jayaz hai. Shuru me mardon aur aurton dono ko qabristan me jane se mana farmaya gaya tha lekin bad me dono ke liye jayaz kar diya gaya.

Tambeeh

① Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas (RA) se mansoob ek riwayat ka mafhoom ye hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne Fatimah (RA) se daryafat farmaya ki wo ghar se bahar kyun gayi thin? To unhone arz kiya: Mayyat ke ghar walon se taziyat ke liye gayi thi. Farmaya: Shayad aap un logon ke sath qabristan bhi gayi thin? Arz kiya: Allah ki panah ki main qabristan me jaun. Maine to is bare me aap se sun bhi rakha hai. Us par Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: “Agar aap un logon ke sath qabristan chali jati, to us waqt tak Jannat ko na dekh pati, jab tak aapke par dada use na dekh lete.” (Musnad Ahmad: 2/168, 223, Sunan Abu Dawood H# 3123, Sunan Nasaai H# 1881, Mustadrak Hakim: 1/373)

⬤ Is hadees ko Imam Ibn Hibban (rh) (3177) ne Saheeh Qarar diya hai.
⬤ Imam Hakim (rh) use bayan karne ke bad farmate hain: “Ye hadees Imam Bukhari aur Muslim ki shart par sahi hai.”
⬤ Hafiz Zahabi (rh) ne unki muwafiqat bhi ki hai.
⬤ Hafiz Munziri (rh) aur Hafiz Busairi (rh) ne iski sanad ko “hasan” qarar diya hai.
⬤ Hafiz Ibn Qattan (rh) ne is hadees ko “hasan” Qarar diya hai.

➤ Agarche iska rawi, Rabi’ah bin Saif Mu’afri, Jamahoor muhaddiseen kiram ke nazdeek ”Mausiq Hasanul Hadees” hai, lekin iski bayan karda ye riwayat ”Munkar” hai.

⬤ Imam Bukhari (rh) (Tareekh al-Kabeer: 3/290) aur Imam Ibn Yunus (rh) (Meezanul I’tidal lil Zahbi: 2/43) farmate hain ”Isne kai munkar riwayate bayan ki hain.”
⬤ Imam Bukhari (rh) ye bhi farmate hain ”Is ne kai munkar riwayate bayan ki hui hain” (Tareekh al-Ausat: 1464)
Neez ise ‘Munkarul Hadees’ bhi qarar diya hai (Tareekh al-Ausat: 1491)
⬤ Imam Ibn Hibban (rh) farmate hain ”Ye bahut zyada ghalatiyan karta tha.” (As-Siqat: 6/301)
⬤ Allama Abu Muhammad Abdul Haq, Ashbili (rh) farmate hain: ”Iski bayan karda hadees zaeef hai aur isne munkar riwayate bayan ki hain.” (al-Ahkam al-Wustaa: 2/152)
⬤ Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rh) farmate hain ”Ye hai to sachcha lekin isne kai munkar riwayate bhi bayan ki hain.” (Taqrīb at-Tahzeeb: 1906)

Iske alwa kai muhaddiseen ne is hadees ko he ghair sabit bataya hai.

⬤ Hafiz Ibn al-Jauzi (rh) (597H) farmate hain: ”Ye hadees sabit nahin.” (al-Ilal al-Mutanahinya: 2/421)
⬤ Hafiz Nawawi (rh) (676H) ne is ki sanad ko zaeef kaha hai. (Khulasat al-Ahkam: 1005/2)
⬤ Hafiz Ibn Abdul Hadi (rh) (744H) ne is riwayat ko ”Munkar” kaha hai. (Al-Muḥarrar fil-ḥadees, p. 328)
⬤ Hafiz Zahabi (rh) (748H) ne bhi ”Munkar” kaha hai. (Al-Muḥazzab fi Ikhtisar al-Sunan al-Kabeer: 3/1428)

❖ Lihaza ye riwayat ”Munkar” hai, jo ki ”Zaeef” hi hoti hai. Agar ise ”Sahih” tasleem kar bhi liya jaye, to mazkoorah dalail ki roshni me ye mansookh hai.

② Ek riwayat me hai ki Sayyida Aisha (RA) apne bhai Abdur Rahman (RA) ki qabr par aayi aur kuchh ash’aar padh kar kaha: ”Allah ki qasam! Agar main aap ki tadfeen ke waqt maujood hoti, to aap ko wahi dafan kiya jata, jahan aapka inteqal hua the aur agar main maujood hoti, to aap ki qabr ki ziyarat ke liye na aati.” (Sunan Tirmizi: H# 1055)

Is riwayat ki sanad Ibn Juraij ki ”Tadlees” ki wajah se ”Zaeef” hai. Musannaf Abdul Razzaq (3/517) aur al-Ausat La ibn al-Munzir (5/464) me agarche sama ki tasreeh hai lekin isme Imam Abdul Razzaq (rh) ki ”Tadlees” maujood hai. Mazeed ye ki isme mazkoorah alfaz bhi nahin hain.

Maslak Ahnaf

Allama Sarakhsi Hanafi (483H) likhte hain: “Hamare nazdeek rajeh bat yahi hai ke qabristan jane ki rukhsat mardon aur auraton, dono ke liye sabit hai.” (al-Mabsoot: 10/24)

Fatawa Alamgiri me likha hai: “Qabron ki ziyarat me koi harj nahin. Imam Abu Hanifa (rh) ka yahi qaul hai, jabki Imam Muhammad (rh) ke qaul ke zahir alfaz ye taqaza karte hain ki aurton ke liye bhi qabristan jana jayaz hai, kyonki Nabi Akram ﷺ ne sirf mardon ko khas taur par ijazat nahin di. (Fatawa Alamgiri: 350/5)

Khulasa

Aurton ka qabristan jana jayaz hai, isme koi qabahat nahin. mumaniyat wali ahadees mansookh hain aur ye mumaniyat mardon aur auraton, dono ke liye thi, jo bad me khatm kar di gayi. Albatta aurat ko ghar se bahar nikalte waqt shara’ee hudood ko dhyan me rakhna chahiye, jaise Mahram ke sath jaye (kyonki qabristan sunsaan jagah hoti hai), Shara’ee libas ka khyal rakhe aur qabristan ja kar sabr se kam le. Qabristan ki ziyarat ka maqsad sirf maut aur akhirat ki yad hona chahiye.

Ummid hai ki ye mas’ala wazeh ho gaya hoga. Agar koi sawal ho to comment me puchh sakte hain.

Jazakallah khair.

Is mazmoon ka kafi bada hissa Muhaddis Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer (hz) ke mazmoon ‘Aurat aur ziyarate quboor’ se liya gaya hai.